Dinner at the Harvest

While I'm living here in France, I've been determined to try to live as much like a French person as much as possible. I have this underlying belief that the European ways of life are older than ours, and although may sometimes seem strange and different to Americans, I'm very willing to believe that they happen here because of some wisdom that's older than what we have in the states. After all, which country is the one with all the fat people and unhealthy relationships with food? So for now I'm doing my best to try and suspend my disbelief, and just become one of them. Then at the end of the 10 months I'll be able to make an educated decision about which aspects I want to keep or drop. The trouble, is how do you know what are the actual French ways of eating? I've heard general things, like that they eat small sugar laden breakfasts, or that lunch is the biggest meal. Or that they always take a digestif after dinner, something heavy in alcohol, after having already drank a bunch of wine with the meal.

In an attempt to ascertain exactly what is this French way of life, I asked one of my French coworkers what I would have to do to live like them. The side effect of this question is that I think it makes them instantly like you. French people love to talk about their way of life, especially food and wine. Let's face it, it is one of the major things they are known for. So I got to endear myself to my companions, as well as learn something at the same time. Win-win! But his answer was a bit cryptic. He said I just had to "mange bien." Now the literal translation of that term means to eat well. But I had a feeling that the meaning goes a little deeper than that. I did a little research, and it turns out that if you say "bien manger," that means something pretty different, closer to eating healthy, or really, eating to live. As opposed to "manger bien," which really means living to eat. In other words, eat food that you love to eat. It's quite possible eating well in America could mean, eating a lot, or really eating enough to keep you alive, probably a little more than you really need to stay alive. But in France it just means enjoying your food. This is a critical distinction to me.

So would we be able to mange bien? The quality of the food was one of the biggest things I was looking forward to during the harvest. I'd heard stories of great things. All the standard dishes of France, prepared by an authentic home cook, with very few repeats. Aperitif, Cheese, dessert, digestif, the whole shabang. Unfortunately for me and especially for my French coworkers, reality fell a bit short of that. The food we ate ranged from dismally uninspired all the way up to just plain bland. This in and of it itself was pretty interesting, because it gave me a chance to observe the French appreciation of food from a different angle. It's one thing to eat great food with French people and see them happy. But it's quite another thing to see what they just absolutely can't stand, and why.

Dinner always started with some kind of salad. Salad is a pretty loose term here, as there wasn't ever anything green or leafy in it. Instead it usually involved tomatoes, tuna, and something like corn or carrots. This stuff was quite bland, but to me pretty inoffensive. As I was usually starving from all the hard labor of the day, I was OK with cramming a bunch of this stuff down, as it was pretty filling, and likely to be less offensive than what followed. But for the French people, they could barely stomach it. I noticed the first night that our salad was full of the kind of pitted black olives you only see come out of a can, and that all the French people were diligently separating them out and not eating them.

They said they seemed to "industrial." This was a general complaint about the food I heard from them. At one other point we were discussing stereotypes of American and French people. When I asked them what the stereotype of Americans was, someone said that they eat a lot of "GM" (genetically modified) food. Now, keep in mind, these are not mid 30's Park Slope trained hippy/crunchy/granola types watching out for the environment. These are just your every day average early 20's French kids. This is a big difference between French people. They don't need Michael Pollan here, because everyone already knows where really good food comes from. I'm convinced that if you mentioned GM (even if you used the full name) to most 20 something Americans, they'd have no idea what you were talking about. To the French, they'd rather go hungry than eat any kind of industrially processed food. Time and time again, I would see French people just refusing to eat, turning instead to their glasses of wine.

The main course for dinner was usually some kind of meat, like this Pintade (basically a breed of chicken), we had the first night:

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It seems the French rarely eat just plain old simple "poulet" here. It's usually Pintade or Poulet de Bresse (one of the best breeds) or something more classified than our simple old roasting chicken back in the US. This particular pintade we had was OK. The sauce, while it may look creamy and buttery, had almost no flavor to it. That was pretty typical of our main course. Big pieces of meat in a watery sauce. There was usually some kind of vegetable also, which looked and tasted like it had been boiled for about 15 hours. I did notice another subtle cultural difference here. I feel like in America with this type of food served in large pans, people would take the plate, pass it around and everyone would serve how much they wanted for themselves. But that almost never happened at our dinners. More commonly, people would pass their plates down to whoever was closest, and they would serve everyone. They seemed to me also to take a great deal of pleasure in doing this for each other. Again, this wasn't a hard and fast rule, and I know  the other option is never a hard and fast rule in the states, but they did tend pretty far in the direction I've noted.

The entree, was of course always followed by a plate of cheese. While I wouldn't say the cheese was super high quality examples of each type, and it was often not quite warm enough to give off all of it's flavor, this was one of the most consistently reliable parts of the meal. We usually had Chevre, Tomme de Savoie, Brie, and Roquefort. You can't go wrong with any of those. Then there was always some kind of dessert. The first night we had eclairs, and the filling was definitely the highlight of the meal. The pastry part was a bit soggy and flabby, but that chocolate goodness did not fail to impress. Later on the quality of dessert would vary greatly. One night we had apple sauce which sounds a lot fancier when you use the french translation, "compote." but tasted exactly like Motts from the big old glass jar.

The Reality of the Harvest

On Sunday, September 6, I packed my bags and hopped on a train out to Beaujolais. It took just about 3 hours to get there, which involved taking a high speed TGV to Lyon, and then a slower normal speed train to Belleville sur Saone. This 3 hour duration is pretty impressive, since we had just driven from Lyon to Paris a few days earlier, and it took 4.5 hours, without really stopping at all. Gotta love the high speed trains here!

Originally, I was supposed to work the harvest at Domaine LaPierre. This was a pretty exciting prospect, as Marcel LaPierre basically started the whole idea of natural wine-making, along with his mentor Chauvet, in the 70's. So the place is somewhat of a mecca for natural wine freaks like myself. I've also had the wine many many times and absolutely love it. Unfortunately, all the spaces at Domaine LaPierre were taken up by people that had been there before. So Marcel's wife, Marie, offered a place at Chateau Cambon instead. The Cambon wine is vinified by Marcel as well, and uses all the same natural methods. I'd never tried it, but what I read said that the wine was very similar to LaPierre's wine, just a bit cheaper. I always like to find a good value, so I figured it'd be fine. But I didn't really know what the differences would be.

I took a couple snapshots right when I arrived at Cambon. First, of our sleeping quarters:

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And second, of our dining room:

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Then I headed off to tasting room, a really cool room with a bunch of giant barrels (in wine speak we call them foudres) and a table. I introduced myself to everyone seated there by shaking all their hands and saying my name. I realized later I was the only one to do this. There we proceeded to drink wine. And drink more wine. Gradually over the next hour or two, my fellow harvest workers started to filter in to the Domaine. As each person came in, they would say hello, and perhaps even shake hands, but generally people didn't say their names. As I realized by the end of this experience, it seems French people don't really do it that way. They don't say their names and introduce themselves when they shake hands. They often say "Bonjour" or "Bon soir," offer the hand and that's it. It feels really weird to me to shake someone's hand I don't know without offering my name, but that's the way they do it here. And sometimes you shake a womans hand, but other times you have to the double cheek kissing thing. I still haven't really figured out how that works. Anyway, my American etiquette really didn't ruffle any feathers, so all was well.

Our harvest crew turned out to consist of mostly French people, and quite a lot of women. In fact I think the women outnumbered the men barely. The non-French included myself, two Quebecois, and one Polish guy, who didn't know a lick of French, but spoke English pretty well. I got to speak a little, and got some compliments on my French, which was nice. They seemed to be surprised that they could understand me when I spoke. My comprehension though, was another story entirely. When someone spoke to me directly, I could get enough of the gist to reply appropriately. But when I was trying to listen to the conversation around me, I could understand I'd say about 15%.

So I just sat and tried to soak it all in, while drinking lots and lots of Beaujolais. And, hey, the wine was pretty good! Not quite as concentrated as the Marcel LaPierre wines I'd had before, but it did have that subtle floral natural wine quality I find so intriguing and addicting. It's the perfect kind of wine to drink daily with your meal. It's a very versatile wine, it can go with just about any food. And the wine goes for about $16 (as opposed to $22 for the LaPierre) in the States, so I'd say that's a pretty good value.

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Expectations, Good and Bad

vendangeAs I said in the last post, I had quite a lot riding on this whole harvest experience thing. I'd also heard a lot of things that made me either excited, or terrified. I heard that the food would be unbelievable authentic and awesome. Home cooked meals showing off all the classic dishes of France, with no repeats. I also heard that there'd be more wine to drink than I could possibly imagine. One friend told me that a friend of his got so used to drinking beaujolais in mass quantities, that after the winery gave him two cases to take with him, he drank all two of them by himself in 2 days without even realizing it!

I also heard stories of back-breaking labor. Getting up at 5 AM, hiking through the mountains with piles of grapes tied to ones back, stopping only when it was too dark to pick. After that you could barely eat, have a glass of wine, and then pass out and do it all over again the next day.

I told myself that hopefully it wouldn't be too bad. After all, I'm a pretty fit guy. Maybe it's just the out of shape Frenchies who never exercise that would have a problem with it. Maybe I'd be fine.

Someone else had told me that the workers would be young French kids, fresh out of college, and ready to party. In my mind I assumed they would all be male, I guess because of the back-breaking labor aspect of the job. In the United States I think this would be true. There might be the odd woman or two, but I figured in the more sexist France, it would be all men. That brought to mind all kinds of bad fantasies. When I was 16, I went to a private school (Choate) for a summer. Their summer programs were always very international, and there was this one French kid who spoke really poor English. I remembered how all the Americans tormented him mercilessly, thinking, as many Americans do, that anyone with a thick accent must be stupid. I wondered if I'd receive similar treatment?

To assuage some of those fears, I practiced my French as hard as I could all summer. I had a private tutor, a native French speaker come give me lessons 4 days a week. I texted with my wife only in French. At the end of the summer, I felt like I could figure out how to say almost anything I needed to say. Understanding everything I heard was another problem entirely, but at least I wouldn't be stuck not being able to communicate what I needed.

The reality of the harvest, of course, had some elements of what I'd heard, and some that were totally unexpected.

Working the Grape Harvest in Beaujolais

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After a week and a half of grueling work, I'm back in Paris after finishing up the grape harvest. The experience was sometimes brutal, and sometimes joyous, and in the coming days and weeks I'm going to try and relate everything I learned and saw through this blog.

At the beginning, I came into the experience of working the Harvest with a lot of expectations. For someone who works in wine, I think there's a certain mythical quality to picking grapes. In the months leading up to coming here, as I told other wine professionals what I was going to do, I could see their eyes glaze over with jealousy and fantasy about what would happen. Us wine professionals study winemaking a lot, so we know quite a bit about what happens in the vineyard. But there's also a thought (or even a fantasy) that getting in there and getting your hands dirty will somehow be amazing experience that will change everything. And to get to work the harvest in France, the home of all things good in wine, well that's just icing on the cake. Did all that turn out to be true? I'm not sure yet, but maybe by the time I finish writing about it, I will have decided.

Aside from wanting to learn about winemaking firsthand, I had other reasons for wanting to pick grapes. I'm determined while I'm living here in France to improve my french, and I knew that I would have no choice but to be totally immersed in the language, especially in the countryside of Beaujolais, where it's quite common for people not to speak English. In the same vein, I wanted to immerse myself in French culture. I know that it would be quite easy for me to live in Paris for 10 months, and only associate with expats. To me, that would be a shame, because I really want to understand what it's like to be French. But there's a great deal of discussion out there about how hard it is to make friends with French people. The word on the street is that they can be guarded and reluctant to meet new people. But I knew that working the harvest with them, I would have to have lots of contact with them. We'd be sleeping in bunk beds all in one room, and eating all our meals together. Not to mention working hard all day together.

So basically I had a lot riding on this Harvest. I expected to have some kind of mythical connecting experience with wine, to improve my French speaking and comprehension skills dramatically, and to understand what it means to be French. In retrospect I guess that was a pretty tall order! In the coming days and weeks on this blog, if you stay tuned to the blog, I think you'll get a good look into all 3 of those things though.

Home Wine School Heads to France

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I took this picture!

While I love New York City and it's been my home for over 10 years now, it's time for a little change of scenery! Starting in September, my wife and I are picking up and moving to France for 9 months. Mostly because she's doing a masters in French through Middlebury College. I also have the ulterior motive of getting to pick grapes for the Harvest, and perfecting my long lost french skills.

So today I took my most major step towards securing said harvest job. I had to speak to Madame Lapierre, Marcel LaPierre's wife, as she's the one in charge of hiring the harvest workers. The catch? She speaks zero English. I've been taking some review lessons for a couple weeks but other than that I haven't spoken a lick of french since college, almost 15 years ago. In short, I was nervous beyond words for this conversation. I'd been introduced to Marcel by a representative of Kermit Lynch, the importer that brings his wines to the states. He told me I could come and pick grapes there, but his wife is the one who's really in charge, so how would she respond to my broken French? Would she come back with a bunch of fastly spoken, cryptic gobble-dee-gook? Would I even be able to make it past Bonjour?

Now you might be wondering right now, "Who is Marcel LaPierre?" Good question! Marcel is a winemaker in Beaujolais, which is in the southernmost portion of Burgundy. You've probably heard of Beajolais Nouveau, it's the wine that comes out right before thanksgiving. It's cheap, cheerful, super fruity, and pretty universally derided by serious and pretentious wine drinkers. The technique used to make these wines is called carbonic maceration, and it can lead to notes of banana and strawberry in the wine. There's also a lot of specialized industrially created yeasts that can enhance these juicy fruity flavors. Why do wine snobs hate this wine? Because it's simple and cheap, and if that's true it must be bad right? Well it all depends on your point of view. Some also hate the idea that most nouveau is a product of giant coporate-style winemaking. But, where your opinion lies, Marcel LaPierre represents the exact opposite of the Nouveau style of winemaking.

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Marcel is the founding of member of what's called the Gang of Four in Beaujolais. The Gang of Four is a group of winemakers that are dedicated to bringing back natural winemaking techniques to Beaujolais. They don't use carbonic maceration, or chemically created yeasts. Instead they let the grapes ferment naturally, for as long as it takes, with indigenous yeasts that occur naturally. Marcel himself is also known as an extremely selective picker. He throws away a lot of grapes, looking for only the perfect fruit. The result is he makes a wine that is very subtle and floral, much less juicy and fruity than the nouveau style. Marcel is definitely talked about as the best winemaker in Beaujolais, and the amazing thing is that his wine only costs $22 a bottle retail in the US! It's lucky for us that Nouveau has such a bad rap because it's really helped keep down prices of all wine coming from the area. This wine drinks well young, but it also has the potential to age for at least 10 years, possibly more. For me personally, this place is a dream job. It also doesn't hurt that the LaPierre's are known  to feed their workers a cornucopia of extravagant homecooked French food.

So how'd the telephone call go? Well, I couldn't understand everything she said, but I'm pretty sure I got most of it. I believe the harvest starts around September 6th. Or was that the 16th? Those numbers sound kind of similar in French. The one sticking point was when she tried to spell her email address for me. We got stuck on some kind of symbol, I think it was probably an underscore or a dash, but unfortunately my high school and college french teachers didn't think that was the most important thing to teach me. And who can blame them? It's a very 21st century problem really. Anyway, it should be fine as she said I could email the general email address for the Domaine and it would get to her. Just one more hurdle down until I'm on my hands and knees, picking grapes in France!

Update:

Alice Feiring pointed out to me that Marcel does in fact use carbonic maceration of a sort. It's a technique developed by Chauvet, the founder of the Gang of Four. Instead of using the CO2 that is created by fermentation to exert pressure on the grapes, they apparently use dry ice. Dry ice is a solid form of CO2, and, according to Alice contains some kind antioxidant that allows them to not use any sulphur. Marcel did invite me to stay on for vinification, so I guess I will learn all about this technique when I get there!

Trust your Retailer!

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While working in a wine store, one thing has become clear to me-- a lot of people don't trust retail wine store workers. I think there's a fear that somoene's lack of knowledge will be dangled in front of them, or that they'll be forced to spend more on a bottle than they want to. Worst of all the retailer might actually make you taste some wine! Gasp! You might think I'm being funny, but there are a lot of times when I have a bottle open, and I'm greeted with looks of shock and fear when I offer someone a taste from it.

What I'd like to get across in this post is that you really shouldn't be one of these people. While there may be stores that intimidate you, and that try to push bottles of wine on you that don't want, you'll never know if you're in one of those stores until you open your mouth and talk to them. I can tell you that the people who do open themselves up to us end up with better wine. And that's not some secretive backroom elitist transaction, it's just that we start to know their palates really well, and every time they walk in the store we can give them a new wine that they'll like, and maybe even expand their tastes little by little as they explore the world of wine with us as their guide.

This is the kind of relationship a retailer can provide for you. And I really believe that the retailer is unique in the world of wine for what we offer to the consumer. Now I may have a bit of a chip on my shoulder about this, but I often feel that the retailer is the least respected wine professional out there. In comparison the sommelier is lauded above all as the gatekeeper of all things fancy and tasty, even though there is absolutely no standardized international certification to qualify one for the job. My point here is not the sommeliers don't know what they're doing. It's just that there is just as much chance of a sommelier being snotty,intimidating or uneducated, as there is of finding the same qualities in a retailer.

The retail perspective is unique because we have to be laser-focused on price and value, and we have to know all palates, disregarding our own personal tastes. The prices on our shelves have to provide quality and value, because there's very little barrier to a customer walking out the door and going to the store down the street that has better wine at the same  or lower price. When you're in a restaurant, you're pretty much stuck with what they have on their list, and price distinctions become much less obvious. Sommeliers do a fantastic job of pairing the specific food in their restaurant with the specific wines on their list. But that's a very deliniated decision. They spend a lot of time (hopefully) tasting each dish and each wine in their cellar, to come up with the best matches. When they've found a pairing that works, they can go back to it again and again, because food and wine pairings will taste good to somoene, even if they wouldn't normally like that wine on its own. But as a retailer, we have to match wines with any cuisine in the world, and a lot of times we have to be able to pick wines to go without food, while knowing very little about the buyer's tastes. That's a lot harder and more nebulous. The only way for us to do it well is to get some help from you! If you're worried you don't know how to talk about what you like, that's OK. Just trust us and see how we do. If you don't like what we gave you, come back and tell us and we'll try something different.

Retailers also have a leg up over wine critics. It's not a new idea to say that each critic, be it Robert Parker, Steve Tanzer, or Eric Asimov, have preferences for certain styles of wine. In the Oxford companion to wine, Jancis Robinson says over and over again that a certain grape finds it's best expression in this particular plot of land in France, or somewhere else in the world. And I might even by inclined to agree with her, as far as my personal tastes are concerned. But as a retailer, I have to disregard my tastes. Just because I think Loire valley cab franc is the most expressive funky wine on the planet, doesn't mean a thing to someone who loves an oaky buttery chardonnay from California. So I have to be able to evaluate that chardonnay against all the other chardonnays on the market. All we do as retailers all day long is taste and spit and talk to each other about, is this particular chardonnay a better example of the grape from California than this other one? Is this one priced at $15.99 really that much better than the other one priced at $12.99? Once in a while we come across the $12.99 wine that really is better than the $15.99 one, and that's why we push you to buy it, because we know you'll like it, and the low price will keep you coming back for more.

But if you don't open your mouth and talk to us, we can't even start to tell you about these special wines, and you'll miss out on getting something you really like.

So my message today is to open yourselves up a little bit, and start talking to us! Granted, you are taking a risk here. What if you do this in one of those intimidating snotty wine stores and they encourage you to buy a wine that costs more than you wanted to spend? Here's what you do: Don't buy it! And if it bothers you, don't go back to that store! They're probably not spending nearly enough time focusing on bringing a wide array of wines tailored to diverse palates if they're that snotty, so it's probably not the store for you. Now you've learned something about the store, and you're that much closer to finding a retailer you can trust.

The perect retailer to me is one who can remember what they sold you, and why the next time you come in. Ask them if they have a way to track your purchases though, just in case. Or keep your receipts and remember what you bought so you can tell them if you liked it or not. You might even want to keep a log of what tasted and whether you liked it or not. But the most important thing is you have to be willing to open your mouth and speak your mind to get any of this done. And once in a while, you might want to try the wine we're pouring. It's ok if you have to go the gym afterwords, it's only a little taste! And even if you don't like it, that's a great place for us to start to figure what you will like that's different in some way from what you just tried.

Good luck and happy wine buying!

Reflections on Long Island Wines

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This past weekend, I had the pleasure of being invited to Taste Camp East, which Lenn Thompson, the creator of Lenndevours, put together. We did a whirlwind tour of what seemed like 10 wineries in a day and a half. In reality, it was probably only 6, but it felt like more. I thought I would go over some of the highlights of the trip, for those of you that are interested in heading out to Long Island Wine country.

For the most part, my take on the wines of Long Island is that they are made in an earthier french style, sometimes featuring lots of new oak, and sometimes a moderate amount. Most of the wines are good solid table wine reds that would appeal to people who don't like the fruit forward style of California, but who don't mind some oak in their wines. The main problem I have with the area is that the prices these wines are selling for are completely off the charts. Probably because of the swanky surroundings of the Hamptons, these wines have developed a certain cachet, and small quantities sell out completely every year. The wineries have reacted to this demand by raising their prices to levels that rival Napa Valley. So for the most part, I have a hard time recommending very many wines for people to purchase. Most of the time, you can just get better quality wine from somewhere else for a lot less money.

As far as visiting the wineries, there are a few places that I think stand out above the rest. The wineries I woudn't miss are Channing Daughters and Shinn Estate. Both of these wineries are doing their best to make sustainable, naturally made wines, and are not afraid to experiment in the vineyard. They haven't gone quite as far as being fully biodynamic, but they're getting as close as they can. The great thing about spending time at these two wineries, is that the experimentation and artistic passion really come across. You leave these two wineries with a feeling like you've been allowed to tour around inside an artist's studio, rather than just walking through a factory.

So, if you're heading out to the Island, and only want to spend a little bit of time going to cp,, don't miss those two places! As far as wines, there's really one one bottle I can recommend as a great value. This is the Channing Daughters 2007 Scuttlehole Chardonnay, which retails at just $16 a bottle. It's unoaked, crisp and refreshing with lots of minerality and a delicious yeasty quality that reminded me of a really good Muscadet, or a nice bottle aged Champagne. That's not to say that I didn't taste plenty of other very tasty wines out on the Island, but they are almost all way overpriced for how good they are.

Fruit in White Wines

Now that you have a little vocabulary lesson, you're ready to taste some wines! FInally, you're thinking. I thought this guy would never shut up and let me drink something! I have a few recommended wines for this lesson, that will give you a good sense of what fruit tastes like in a white wine:



Cape Mentelle Sauvignon Blanc/Semillon (any vintage will do):


Casamaro Verdejo from Rueda (in Spain):



Both of these wines display a great deal of fruit quality. I should note that these wines also have other flavors besides fruit, but it's really pretty difficult to find a wine that only tastes like fruit, and it's probably not a wine you'd be that interested in. The fruit qualities in both of these wines should be pretty obvious.

Again, if you'd like to order these wines so you can do this tasting at home, please email me at nick@homewineschool.com. Very soon you will be able to order them online through Frankly Wines, but for now we'll just work out the order over email.

When we talk about fruitiness in white wines, it's usually divided into a few subcategories of fruit. These categories include citrus, stone, and tropical. Wine geeks and sommeliers love to talk about specifically which of these fruits they taste in wines, and they can really get specific. They might say a wine tastes like an overly ripe horned melon:

Or they might say it tasted of underipe peaches. It's great fun to list out all these fruits, but to be honest there's never really one correct answer with these things. Taste to a degree is very subjective. You should, however, if you concentrate, be able to say whether something tastes tropical, or whether it is more citrus-like. Citrus fruits include lemon, and lime; Tropical could be pineapple or bananas; and stone fruits are things like peaches and pears.

In the Cape Mentelle Sauvignon/Semillon blend, you have a prime example of a wine that has lots of citrus flavors, which is typical of Australian Sauvignon blancs. Big grapefruit is here particularly in droves. You may also detect elements of tropical fruits. As far as the other aspects besides fruit, it should be noted that this wine has a fair amount of what we call herbaceousness, or aromas and flavors of fresh cut grass. This is a signature of the Sauvignon Blanc grape, and it's very sought after. I'll leave it to you to decide if you like it or not.

The Casamaro Rueda, which is made of the grape Verdejo, by contrast, is much more about stone fruits, peach especially. It also has a fair amount of earthiness (or minerality, as it is usually referred to in white wines), but the fruit qualities still reign supreme here.

So what makes a wine fruity? The short answer to that question is the climate of the area the grapes are grown in. The warmer it is, the more fruit flavors tend to develop. To reduce the fruit flavors in wine, winemakers will often take steps to reduce the yield of grapes each vine produces. When vines are starved have to struggle to survive, they send their roots shooting deeper into the ground to search for nutrients, they pull more minerals out of the ground, and send those minerals into the flavors of the grapes. As a result, fruity wines tend to cost less. It's generally true that the warmer the climate and the cheaper the wine, the fruitier it will be. So if you like these fruity styles a lot, be thankful, because you're saving yourself a bunch of money!

So now that you've smelled, swirled, and tasted each of these wines, what do you think? Do you get the citrus and the peaches? Do you like these styles? If you don't, it's ok, because in the next lesson we'll get to taste some very different wines that you may like better.

How to Taste (and Smell!)

Before we can get started describing Fruit, Earth, and Spice, we need to make sure that you're tasting things correctly. This is the part when you get to find out why those people keep swirling their glasses and making funny sucking noises after they drink the wine!

The first important thing when tasting wine is to get a really good smell of what's in your glass. The tongue can actually only taste 4 things- sweet, salty, bitter, and acidic. The rest of flavors that we taste all come from our nose as the aromas of the wine waft their way up our nasal canal from inside our mouth. So, don't skip smelling  the wine, it's a really important part of tasting, and it's a lot of fun too. Breathing deeply and focusing your mind on something is a form of meditation, so not only will it help you discern the wine better, it will probably help you relax too.

So, first we'll start with some swirling. This is easiest to do when the glass is on a surface. You'll want to swirl the glass in circles strong enough so the wine really gets going far up onto the sides of the glass. What you're doing here is activating the aromas of the wine by integrating air. When the wine touches the air, it releases a powerful dose of aromas, that the right kind of wine glass will funnel up to your waiting nose.

Now that you've swirled the glass, pick it up and tilt it at as far as you can without spilling the wine all over yourself. Stick your nose inside the glass as far as it'll go and point your nose so it's parallel to the wine, and take a few careful sniffs. It's better to sniff lightly, like a dog does, as you'll actually get more information that way than one big long smell. You'll also protect yourself in case there's something wrong with the wine that smells really terrible. If you want to look like you really know what you're doing, you can tilt the glass up and down and to either side, adjusting the angle of your nose compared to the wine. You may pick up more or less fruit or earth at different angles, but most importantly, your friends will be really impressed with you.

Now that you've smelled the wine, it's time to actually drink some! At this point, you probably thought that point would never come. Take a little sip into your mouth. What you want to do know is swirl the wine all over the inside of your mouth including your cheecks, gums, tongue and the back of your throat. Some people like to actually pretend they're chewing the wine, really mashing it all over their mouth. The different areas of your mouth will tell you different things about the wine, and I'll get into all those details at some point later.

You can also combine taste and smell, by breathing some air over the wine. This is tricky at first. Tilt your head back a tiny bit, open your mouth a little, and slowly breath in a little air over the wine. If you do it right, it should make a shlurping sound as the air runs through the wine. You may be initially shocked by the intensity of flavor that rockets down your mouth. When you do this, you're essentially doing the same thing you did when you swirled the glass, but now it's happening inside your mouth.

This whole process of swirling, smelling, and swishing inside your mouth serves to really slow down the whole process of tasting wine. You'll notice a lot more about the wine when you taste like this. Sometimes I find it valuable to just take a quick swig without doing any of this as a reference for what the wine tastes like normally. You might be surprised to notice the difference. But slowing it down this way will really help you later on when you try to quantify what it is you like or don't like about a wine.

Fruit, Earth, and Spice

When you're first starting to learn wine, it can be really confusing! I've developed a system that does a really good job of clearing up the confusion. A lot of wine classes start off teaching about France, and its very confusing labeling laws. If you really want to learn everthing about wine, it's true, you need to learn all that. But if you just want to be able to order things you'll like at a restaurant, I don't think you really need to burden yourself with all that information. If people knew what they liked and knew how to describe their tastes to someone else, they should be able to enjoy what they get. Sounds simple right? The problem is that there's a lot going on inside a wine glass, and combine that with the fact that a lot of people have their vocabulary mixed up and backwards sometimes, it can be really hard to put into words what you liked about a wine so us professionals can understand you.

To help simplify this whole thing, I like to group wines into three different qualities-- fruit, earth, and spice. Every wine basically has some of each quality, and if you can start to identify these flavors in what you try, you can begin to develop a sense of which quality you like more of. Some wines will be very fruity, with just a touch of earth and hardly any spice. You might find that you love that style, and then the next time you're in a wine store or a restaurant, you can ask for something fruity, and the person you're talking to will definitely know what you're talking about.

Now of course these three categories are just a starting point and wine does get a lot more complicated than that. There are other qualities in wines that are important, like body, tannin, acidity, and sweetness/dryness. But for now let's just focus on defining these three categories. The lessons that follow will talk about each of these qualities, and I'll tell you about some wines that exhibit the qualities, so you can follow along at home with the wines if you like.

Happy tasting!

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